Reincarnation - Wikipedia. The drawing illustrating how the soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas, according to Jainism. Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death. It is also called rebirth or transmigration, and is a part of the Sa. The Greek equivalent metempsychosis (. Another Greek term sometimes used synonymously is palingenesis, . Punarjanman (Sanskrit: . The reincarnation concept is considered in Indian religions as a step that starts each . Version of Kabbalistic reincarnation says that humans reincarnate only to humans and to the same sex only: men to men, women to women. The Greek Pre- Socratics discussed reincarnation, and the Celtic Druids are also reported to have taught a doctrine of reincarnation. Transmigration, Transform into a dragon, a shark, or a bird and use your power to kill all of the enemies! Welcome to Agame.com, your zone to play free online games. Stocked each day with new free games, including action games, adventure games, board.The Scientific Theory of the Soul The Soul Theory opens up a vast field for research and study based on the scientific method. It opens up the areas of past-life-recall and out-of-body experiences to rigorous scientific research and it also enables science to study all. Transmigration may refer to: Transmigration of the soul or reincarnation, a spiritual belief Transmigration program, the programme to move landless people from densely populated areas of Indonesia to less populous areas of the country. Transmigration, a 1993 album. John Adams est l'un des compositeurs am.
Proponents of cultural transmission have looked for links between Iron Age Celtic, Greek and Vedic philosophy and religion. Detailed descriptions first appear around the mid 1st millennium BCE in diverse traditions, including Buddhism, Jainism and various schools of Hindu philosophy, each of which gave unique expression to the general principle. The texts of ancient Jainism that have survived into the modern era are post- Mahavira, likely from the last centuries of the 1st millennium BCE, and extensively mention rebirth and karma doctrines. After death, reincarnation into a new body is asserted to be instantaneous in early Jaina texts. Liberation (kevalya) from reincarnation is possible, however, through removing and ending karmic accumulations to one's soul. This asserts that the nature of existence is a . Liberation from this cycle of existence, Nirvana, is the foundation and the most important purpose of Buddhism. While Nirvana is taught as the ultimate goal in Buddhism, the vast majority of contemporary lay Buddhists focus on accumulating good karma and acquiring merit to achieve a better reincarnation in the next life. Between generally virtuous lives, some are more virtuous; while evil too has degrees, and the texts assert that it would be unfair for people, with varying degrees of virtue or vices, to end up in heaven or hell, in . Hinduism relies on its foundational assumption that . Thus Buddhism and Hinduism have a very different view on whether a self or soul exists, which impacts the details of their respective rebirth theories. An early Greek thinker known to have considered rebirth is Pherecydes of Syros (fl. In Phaedo, Plato makes his teacher Socrates, prior to his death, state: . Orpheus plays his lyre to the left. Classical Antiquity. The wheel of birth revolves, the soul alternates between freedom and captivity round the wide circle of necessity. Orpheus proclaimed the need of the grace of the gods, Dionysus in particular, and of self- purification until the soul has completed the spiral ascent of destiny to live for ever. An association between Pythagorean philosophy and reincarnation was routinely accepted throughout antiquity. In the Republic Plato makes Socrates tell how Er, the son of Armenius, miraculously returned to life on the twelfth day after death and recounted the secrets of the other world. There are myths and theories to the same effect in other dialogues, in the Chariot allegory of the Phaedrus, in the Meno, Timaeus and Laws. The soul, once separated from the body, spends an indeterminate amount of time in . Persius in his satires (vi. Lucretius. In the Hermetica, a Graeco- Egyptian series of writings on cosmology and spirituality attributed to Hermes Trismegistus/Thoth, the doctrine of reincarnation is central. In Greco- Roman thought, the concept of metempsychosis disappeared with the rise of Early Christianity, reincarnation being incompatible with the Christian core doctrine of salvation of the faithful after death. It has been suggested that some of the early Church Fathers, especially Origen still entertained a belief in the possibility of reincarnation, but evidence is tenuous, and the writings of Origen as they have come down to us speak explicitly against it. The Sethians and followers of Valentinus believed in it. Another such teacher was Basilides (1. CE/AD), known to us through the criticisms of Irenaeus and the work of Clement of Alexandria. Manichaean monasteries existed in Rome in 3. AD. Noting Mani's early travels to the Kushan Empire and other Buddhist influences in Manichaeism, Richard Foltz. However the inter- relation of Manicheanism, Orphism, Gnosticism and neo- Platonism is far from clear. The Celts. The 1. Lithuanian master scholar and kabbalist, Rabbi Elijah, known as the Vilna Gaon (Elijah of Vilna), authored a commentary on the biblical Book of Jonah as an allegory of reincarnation. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, the philosophy of metempsychosis entered Judaism during the eighth century, under the influences of Islamic mysticism. BC) Chuang Tzu states: . There is existence without limitation; there is continuity without a starting- point. Existence without limitation is Space. Continuity without a starting point is Time. There is birth, there is death, there is issuing forth, there is entering in. These included the Cathar, Paterene or Albigensian church of western Europe, the Paulician movement, which arose in Armenia. The editor of the Poetic Edda says that Helgi Hj. They were reborn a second time as Helgi Haddingjaskati and the valkyrie K. It was believed in olden times that people were born again, but that is now called old wives' folly. Of Helgi and Sigrun it is said that they were born again; he became Helgi Haddingjaskati, and she Kara the daughter of Halfdan, as is told in the Lay of Kara, and she was a Valkyrie. Notable personalities like Annie Besant, W. Yeats and Dion Fortune made the subject almost as familiar an element of the popular culture of the west as of the east. By 1. 92. 4 the subject could be satirised in popular children's books. Later Jung would emphasise the importance of the persistence of memory and ego in psychological study of reincarnation: . He conducted more than 2,5. Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation and Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect. Stevenson methodically documented each child's statements and then identified the deceased person the child identified with, and verified the facts of the deceased person's life that matched the child's memory. He also matched birthmarks and birth defects to wounds and scars on the deceased, verified by medical records such as autopsy photographs, in Reincarnation and Biology. Following this type of criticism, Stevenson published a book on European Cases of the Reincarnation Type. Other people who have undertaken reincarnation research include Jim B. Tucker, Antonia Mills. These included two where a subject under hypnosis could allegedly converse with people speaking the foreign language, instead of merely being able to recite foreign words. Sarah Thomason, a linguist at the University of Michigan, reanalyzed these cases, concluding that . He speculated that such cases may represent a scheme to obtain money from the family of the alleged former incarnation. Baker has written the recalling of past lives is a mixture of cryptomnesia and confabulation. Researchers such as Stevenson have acknowledged these limitations. Demographic survey data from 1. The mean for the Nordic countries is 2. The lowest figure is in East Germany, 1. In Russia, about one- third believes in reincarnation. The effect of communist anti- religious ideas on the beliefs of the populations of Eastern Europe seems to have been rather slight, if any, except apparently in East Germany. Recent surveys by the Barna Group, a Christian research nonprofit organization, have found that a quarter of U. S. Christians, including 1. Christians, embrace the idea. The Dalai Lama answered, . In addition, between 2. Christians also believe in reincarnation. In the interviewed group, the belief in the existence of this phenomenon appeared independent of their age, or the type of religion that these people belonged to, with most being Christians. The beliefs of this group also did not appear to contain any more than usual of . Waterhouse analyzed the influences of second- hand accounts of reincarnation, writing that most of the people in the survey had heard other people's accounts of past- lives from regression hypnosis and dreams and found these fascinating, feeling that there . These teachings assert there is rebirth, there is no permanent self and no irreducible . One theory suggests that it occurs through consciousness (Pali: samvattanika- vi. This process, states this theory, is similar to the flame of a dying candle lighting up another. Transmigration is influenced by a being's past karma (kamma). Theravada Buddhists assert that rebirth is immediate while the Tibetan schools hold to the notion of a bardo (intermediate state) that can last up to forty- nine days. A distinction can be drawn between . Folk Zen generally accepts the various supernatural elements of Buddhism such as rebirth. Philosophical Zen, however, places more emphasis on the present moment. For the Sautrantika school, each act . Tibetan Buddhism stresses the state of mind at the time of death. To die with a peaceful mind will stimulate a virtuous seed and a fortunate rebirth; a disturbed mind will stimulate a non- virtuous seed and an unfortunate rebirth. Everything and all existence is believed to be connected and cyclical in Hinduism, all living beings composed of two things, the soul and the body or matter. Atman does not change and cannot change by its innate nature in the Hindu belief. In contrast, the body and personality, can change, constantly changes, is born and dies. Current Karma impacts the future circumstances in this life, as well as the future forms and realms of lives. This reincarnation continues, endlessly in cycles, until one embarks on a spiritual pursuit, realizes self- knowledge, and thereby gains mok.
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